This study aims to analyze how the Cold War and the post-Cold War affected the lives of Chinese residents on the southern half of the Korean Peninsula. In the course of the establishment of the South and North Korean regime, the establishment of the People's Republic of China(PRC), and the Korean War, Chinese in Korea formed close relations with the Republic of China and were reborn as anti-communist subjects as a survival strategy. As anti-communist subjects, Chinese in Korea have been symbols of strengthening anti-communism alliance between Korea and Taiwan. Nevertheless, Korean society has discriminated against Chinese on legal, cultural, and daily life dimensions. In the “structural injustice” of discrimination against Chinese in Korea, some Chinese people chose to migrate, but the remaining Chinese felt anger, resignation, and powerlessness. Since the 1980s, as the relationship between ROK and PRC drew closer, a crack broke out in the Korea-Taiwan anti-communist alliance, and Chinese in Korea strongly opposed the “betrayal” of Korea. After the diplomatic relations between ROK and PRC, the ‘marginal people’ identity has increased in its hybrid characteristic that does not converge to either Taiwan, China, or Korea. Korean society should not strengthen ‘assimilationism’ to eliminate the discrimination against Chinese, but instead should pursue ‘democracy as a politics of difference’ in respecting the ‘marginal people’ identity and accepting the difference.